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Abstract: With the development of unconventional oil and gas fields, fracturing technology has been widely used in oil fields. The treatment of fracturing flowback fluid with high salinity, high viscosity and high COD content during fracturing has always been a difficult problem in the industry, and it is also a key factor affecting the smooth development of shale gas. The composition of fracturing flowback fluid is complicated, the processing difficulty is high, the processing cost is high, and the processing effect is poor, which makes it become one of the important problems puzzling the development of shale gas. Therefore, the research on the disposal and reuse of fracturing flowback fluid comes into being. Through the investigation of domestic and foreign literature, the composition, source, characteristics and hazards of fracturing flowback fluid are analyzed in this paper. At the same time, the research status of the main treatment methods of fracturing flowback fluid at home and abroad is reviewed from three aspects: efflux after the treatment of fracturing flowback fluid reaches the standard, reinjection of fracturing flowback fluid and reuse of fracturing flowback fluid, and the research status of various treatment methods before efflux of fracturing flowback fluid is summarized, and the existing problems in the treatment and reuse of fracturing flowback fluid and the future development direction are further expounded.Abstract: With the development of unconventional oil and gas fields, fracturing technology has been widely used in oil fields. The treatment of fracturing flowback fluid with high salinity, high viscosity and high COD content during fracturing has always been a difficult problem in the industry, and it is also a key factor affecting the smooth development of...Learn More
Abstract: Biodiesel is a green and environmentally friendly renewable energy source and is the preferred alternative to petrochemical diesel. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) can be obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, animal oils or used cooking oils with alcohols. The complex oxides of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared using hydrotalcite as a carrier and loaded with solid alkali, and used as catalysts for the catalytic preparation of biodiesel. The different preparation methods of hydrotalcite are reviewed, its applications are described, the progress of research on hydrotalcite and its use as a carrier in the catalytic preparation of biodiesel is briefly described, and the research prospects of hydrotalcite-based composite oxides are also presented.Abstract: Biodiesel is a green and environmentally friendly renewable energy source and is the preferred alternative to petrochemical diesel. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) can be obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, animal oils or used cooking oils with alcohols. The complex oxides of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared using ...Learn More
Abstract: Based on the distribution of coal mines in the region; this paper analyzes and optimizes the geological stratification; well bore structure; trajectory optimization design; friction torque; etc. of the Sudong block to achieve the maximum displacement and explore the optimal solution (displacement; horizontal section length) of gas and coal resources utilization under different natural gas development modes. Based on the concept of co-production of coal and gas; the parameters such as drilling deflection point and well trajectory of different well types (vertical/fixed well; horizontal well) are optimized to achieve the optimal displacement and horizontal section length. When the number of construction wells in the directional well group is more than 3; the "fishbone" pre-section shall be carried out; and the active separation shall be carried out to reserve the trajectory anti-collision space for the subsequent construction wells. If the track trend of the vertical well section continues to the direction of the derrick gate (within ± 30°); effective corrective measures shall be taken in time to avoid causing difficulties to the anti-collision construction of the subsequent wells. The arrangement of well groups should take into account the needs of roads and optimization of well trajectory; and the impact of displacement in front of target on construction. The maximum displacement of directional well groups can be 1300 meters. During the overall design; the construction sequence of each well should be arranged. It is recommended to construct the well with large horizontal displacement and shallow deflection point first; and design the direction of the rear gate. The design direction of the front gate is to drill the well and vertical well with small horizontal displacement and deep deflection point. The middle well of the reserved coal pillar of the horizontal well is used as the wellhead. Considering the offset distance; collision avoidance and obstacle avoidance; the maximum horizontal displacement can be simulated. The same well pad can be arranged with four three-dimensional horizontal wells with an offset distance of less than 500 and a horizontal section of less than 900 meters; and two two-dimensional horizontal wells with a horizontal section of less than 1200 meters.Abstract: Based on the distribution of coal mines in the region; this paper analyzes and optimizes the geological stratification; well bore structure; trajectory optimization design; friction torque; etc. of the Sudong block to achieve the maximum displacement and explore the optimal solution (displacement; horizontal section length) of gas and coal resource...Learn More
Abstract: Based on the Web of Science core collection database, 454 papers published from 2013 to 2023 on the research progress of Graphene based materials in formaldehyde adsorption were analyzed, and CiteSpace was used for visual analysis. Analyze the external characteristics of this research field from the perspectives of publication volume, author, institution, country, etc. Analyze the current research status, hotspots, and predict possible future research trends in this field through keyword clustering, time-line spectrograms, and highlighting. The number of papers related to the adsorption of formaldehyde by graphene-based materials is generally small, and the researches on the adsorption of formaldehyde by graphene-based materials are not closely related among the authors, institutions and countries of the articles. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has the largest organization and the Chinese country that has the largest number of publications, indicating that China makes a relatively large contribution to this field. There are few documents on graphene-based materials used in formaldehyde adsorption, while graphene-based materials use more electrocatalysis in formaldehyde adsorption. At the same time, the adsorption range of graphene-based materials is further expanded to a variety of volatile organic compounds, which can be used to improve the practicability of graphene-based materials.Abstract: Based on the Web of Science core collection database, 454 papers published from 2013 to 2023 on the research progress of Graphene based materials in formaldehyde adsorption were analyzed, and CiteSpace was used for visual analysis. Analyze the external characteristics of this research field from the perspectives of publication volume, author, insti...Learn More
Abstract: The black water flash evaporation system of the GE coal water slurry gasification device of a certain enterprise adopts a three-stage flash evaporation process, which analyzes a large amount of high flash gas dissolved in high-pressure black water, and sends it to downstream devices after heat exchange and condensation. In the actual production process, when the flash evaporation system operates for about 60 days, the pressure and temperature of the high-pressure flash evaporation system gradually increase and exceed the normal operating range, affecting the safe and stable continuous operation of the device. In severe cases, the device may shut down, and even cause environmental pollution accidents. After analysis, it is believed that the high-pressure flash steam condenser in the process failed to effectively reduce the heat extracted from the flash steam, resulting in problems of overpressure and overheating. Based on this theory, while maintaining the existing process design of the device, low-cost investment is made to increase the low-pressure ash water reuse spray pipeline. After practical application, the operating cycle of the high-pressure flash evaporation system has been extended by 181 days from 60 days (the longest operating cycle of a single series of gasifiers). This optimization effectively takes heat from high-pressure flash steam, not only achieving the purpose of cooling and reducing pressure in the high-pressure flash steam system, but also reducing the consumption of 0.45MPa steam in the deaerator due to the increase in condensate volume and temperature, reducing device energy consumption and saving over 3 million yuan in annual production costs.Abstract: The black water flash evaporation system of the GE coal water slurry gasification device of a certain enterprise adopts a three-stage flash evaporation process, which analyzes a large amount of high flash gas dissolved in high-pressure black water, and sends it to downstream devices after heat exchange and condensation. In the actual production pro...Learn More
