Resources and Environmental Science is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to advancing research the field of resources and environmental science. The journal provides a rapid publication process to ensure wide dissemination of high-quality articles to scientists, professionals, and interested individuals worldwide. Our goal is to serve as an efficient, reliable, and trusted platform for scholars and readers, publishing cutting-edge research in the field.
Abstract: The clandestine occupation of national parks by some farmers does not fail to expose their lives dangerously. Elephants in these protected areas, no longer knowing where to go, pop up in plantations and camps and claim victims. A study was carried out from June 2023 to February 2024 and from June 2024 to November 2024 with the aim of characterizing Human-Elephant Conflicts (HEC) in and around the Ma Mbed Mbed National Park (MMMNP) in the Far North of Cameroon. To this end, a questionnaire was used to collect the opinions of farmers in villages located in and around the MMMNP. Survey data were supplemented by direct observations in the field. Of the 380 households surveyed, 277 were involved in HEC and 103 were not. Cereals, houses and sheds were the main crops and goods destroyed, with around 251 tonnes, one shed and six huts for the 2023-2024 season alone. The monetary loss of these destroyed cereals was estimated at 94,012,600 FCFA. The local population has adopted a range of rudimentary equipment to drive back these animals. The method used by the authorities to reduce HEC was the administrative drive. HEC occurs almost every year, with the peak of hostilities in October. The level of compensation was still zero. Given that the MMMNP shares a boundary with the Binder Léré forest reserve in the Republic of Chad, the possibility of cross-border poaching should not be overlooked. The park's bright future was threatened by low incomes and the population's heavy dependence on natural resources, which leads to farming and the collection of firewood in the park. The study recommends that the MMMNP should be well developed in terms of ponds, or that micro-projects such as pepper growing and bee-keeping, which are practices that repel elephants, should be developed. It would also be desirable to set up a rain-fed rice project. On the whole, this area is ideal for rice-growing.Abstract: The clandestine occupation of national parks by some farmers does not fail to expose their lives dangerously. Elephants in these protected areas, no longer knowing where to go, pop up in plantations and camps and claim victims. A study was carried out from June 2023 to February 2024 and from June 2024 to November 2024 with the aim of characterizing...Learn More
Abstract: 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a key bio-based platform chemical with wide-ranging applications in fuels, synthetic rubber, pharmaceuticals, and polymer industries. The sustainable production of 2,3-BDO via microbial fermentation of renewable biomass has gained significant attention as an alternative to fossil-based routes. However, the efficient recovery of 2,3-BDO from fermentation broth remains a critical challenge, primarily due to its high boiling point, strong hydrophilicity, and relatively low concentration in aqueous systems. These characteristics render conventional separation processes, particularly distillation, highly energy-intensive and economically unfavorable. This review systematically summarizes the current advances in downstream processing technologies for 2,3-BDO recovery, including distillation, liquid–liquid extraction, gas stripping, adsorption, membrane-based separation, and the emerging salting-out extraction method. The fundamental principles, advantages, limitations, and recent developments of each technique are critically analyzed. In particular, salting-out extraction is highlighted as an effective strategy for enhancing the partitioning of hydrophilic compounds and reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, hybrid separation processes that integrate multiple techniques, as well as in situ product recovery (ISPR) approaches, are discussed for their potential to improve process efficiency and alleviate product inhibition during fermentation. Finally, future perspectives are proposed, focusing on the development of green solvents, advanced membrane materials, and intensified hybrid systems. These innovations are expected to enable more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable recovery of 2,3-BDO, thereby facilitating its large-scale industrial application within emerging biorefinery frameworks.Abstract: 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a key bio-based platform chemical with wide-ranging applications in fuels, synthetic rubber, pharmaceuticals, and polymer industries. The sustainable production of 2,3-BDO via microbial fermentation of renewable biomass has gained significant attention as an alternative to fossil-based routes. However, the efficient reco...Learn More
