清代上海城隍庙的公共化转型与邑庙园林之兴起
华东理工大学, 艺术设计与传媒学院景观规划设计系, 上海 200237
| 摘 要： | 清康乾时期，日益发达的商业与手工业催化了上海城镇的迅速崛起与人口的激增，乡绅群体也因之随着商会组织活跃与人口快速流动而进一步壮大，并积极介入城镇公共事务的管理之中。与此同时，自明初确定的带有官方性质的城隍信仰随着时代变迁不断下沉，在这一时期已全面民间化与世俗化，其娱神娱人以及公平审判的意味早已盖过明代庄严的国祭功能。论文聚焦于上海城隍庙公共化转型与邑庙园林之兴起，揭示清中后期地方政府对城隍庙维护与管理的荒疏如何催生了乡绅群体与普通邑民的积极介入，并逐步成为推动18世纪上海城隍庙及附属邑庙园林兴盛的活动主体，以及邑庙园林如何逐步转变为当地邑民的公共活动空间与经济活动场所，豫园、秋霞圃、曲水园、古猗园相继成为各府、县城隍庙的附属园林的进程，并联系其历史背景探究上述古典园林转变为邑庙园林的成因。 |
| 关 键 词： | 上海; 清代; 城隍庙; 邑庙园林; 公共化 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.ssrf.2024.03.001 |
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收稿日期: 2024-04-28
接受日期: 2024-05-17
在线出版日期: 2024-05-20
The Transition to Publicization of Chenghuang Temple and the Rise of Affiliated Gardens in Shanghai During the Qing Dynasty
Department of Landscape Planning and Design, School of Art Design and Media, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| Abstract: | The During the Qing Kangxi and Qianlong periods, the burgeoning commerce and handicraft industries catalyzed the rapid rise of urbanization and population growth in Shanghai. The gentry class, with the increasing activity of commercial organizations and rapid population movement, further expanded and actively engaged in the management of urban public affairs. Meanwhile, the official cult of the City God, established since the Ming Dynasty, continued to evolve with the changing times. By this period, it had completely transitioned into folk and secular practices, with its significance in entertaining gods and people, as well as ensuring fair trials, overshadowing its solemn national sacrificial functions from the Ming Dynasty. This paper focuses on the publicization transformation of the City God Temple in Shanghai and the emergence of suburban temple gardens. It reveals how the neglect of maintenance and management of City God temples by local governments in the mid-to-late Qing dynasty spurred the active involvement of the gentry class and ordinary townsfolk. They gradually became the driving force behind the flourishing of City God temples and affiliated suburban temple gardens in 18th-century Shanghai. These temple gardens gradually transformed into public spaces for local residents' activities and economic endeavors. Yuyuan, Qiuxiapu, Qushuiyuan, and Guyi Garden successively became affiliated gardens of City God temples in various prefectures and counties. This paper also explores the historical background behind the transformation of these classical gardens into suburban temple gardens. |
| Keywords: | Shanghai; Qing Dynasty; Chenghuang Temple; The Affiliated Gardens of Chenghuang Temple; Publicization |
基金
| 1. | 国家社会科学基金中华学术外译项目“江南园林论” (编号 17WYS003) |
| 2. | 上海市浦江人才计划项目“式与度: 江南传统园林弹性景观控制方法及当代应用研究” (编号 2020PJC021) |
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