基于加权Kriging模型的风力机翼型气动优化设计
湘潭理工学院, 汽车工程学院, 湖南湘潭 410219
| 摘 要： | 风力机翼型设计理论是决定风力机功率特性的根本因素，通过改变风力机翼型的最大相对厚度、最大相对弯度及前缘半径等几何参数，可设计出不同几何外形和气动性能的风力机翼型，但翼型设计方法存在计算效率低、样本收敛性差等不足，这可能导致风力机翼型气动性能不足，针对上述存在的不足之处，在风力机翼型参数化模型的基础上，采用加权的Kriging模型对多目标优化设计算法进行寻优改进。首先，将加权Kriging模型与融合小生境遗传算法的Pareto多目标优化方法相结合，利用加权Kriging模型的高效预测性能和Pareto多目标优化方法的非线性数值处理能力对风力机翼型进行多目标气动优化设计。其次，以风力机翼型的升阻比和升力系数最大化为优化目标，以力矩系数、最大相对厚度及其位置和上翼面转捩点位置为约束条件，建立基于加权Kriging模型与Pareto多目标优化方法的某一相对厚度风力机翼型多目标气动优化设计模型，得出设计攻角时升阻比特性提升至2倍等的优化设计结果。最后，在保证风力机翼型结构合理的前提下，提出可以提高风力机翼型气动性能的建议，这对风力机翼型的气动性能提升具有一定的工程指导意义。 |
| 关 键 词： | Kriging模型; 多目标优化设计; 气动特性; 风力机翼型 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.mse.2023.03.001 |
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收稿日期: 2023-07-19
接受日期: 2023-08-31
在线出版日期: 2023-09-08
Aerodynamic Optimization Design of Wind Turbine Airfoil Based on Weighted Kriging Model
School of Automotive Engineering, Xiangtan Institute of Technology, Xiangtan 410219, China
| Abstract: | The design theory of wind turbine airfoil is the fundamental factor determining the power characteristics of a wind turbine. By altering geometric parameters such as maximum relative thickness, maximum camber, and leading-edge radius of the airfoil, different geometric shapes and aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine airfoil can be achieved. However, the existing airfoil design methods suffer from low computational efficiency and poor sample convergence, which may result in inadequate aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine airfoil. To address the shortcomings mentioned above, an improved optimization algorithm utilizing a weighted Kriging model is proposed based on the parameterized model of the wind turbine airfoil. Firstly, the weighted Kriging model is combined with a Pareto multi-objective optimization method that incorporates a niche genetic algorithm. This approach utilizes the efficient predictive performance of the weighted Kriging model and the nonlinear numerical processing capability of the Pareto multi-objective optimization method to achieve multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of the wind turbine airfoil. Secondly, aiming to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio and lift coefficient of the wind turbine airfoil, with constraints on the moment coefficient, maximum relative thickness and its position, as well as the location of the upper surface transition point, a multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design model for a specific relative thickness wind turbine airfoil is established based on the weighted Kriging model and the Pareto multi-objective optimization method. The optimized design results include the improvement of lift-to-drag ratio characteristics by a factor of 2 when considering the optimized angle of attack. Finally, while ensuring the rationality of the wind turbine airfoil structure, recommendations are made to improve its aerodynamic performance. These suggestions provide engineering guidance for enhancing the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils. |
| Keywords: | Kriging Model; Multi-objective Optimization Design; Aerodynamic Characteristics; Wind Turbine Airfoil |
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