环状碳酸酯的制备、催化剂的应用及其在精细化学品中的应用
1. 青岛科技大学, 化工学院, 山东青岛 266042
2. 青岛科技大学, 高分子科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266042
3. 青岛科技大学, 海洋生物与工程学院, 山东青岛 266042
| 摘 要： | 本篇文章旨在对环状碳酸酯的制备，催化剂种类以及环状碳酸酯在精细化学品中的应用进行综述。为拓展环状碳酸酯在相关领域中的应用提供参考和借鉴。首先对环状碳酸酯的制备进行概述，对当今效率最高的制备方法—二氧化碳和环氧化物制环状碳酸酯法进行阐述，其中包括醇、烯、醚类进行详细阐述，简单概述光气法等。其次，列举二氧化碳和环氧化物制环状碳酸酯法中催化剂的使用类型，对光催化、电催化、离子液体催化以及低共熔溶剂催化类型进行详细阐述，其中光催化中对钛氧化物催化剂、碳复合材料催化剂、金属/共价有机框架（MOFs/COFs）催化剂、具有半导体性质的共价有机框架催化剂、光敏小分子化合物催化剂等多种类型进行阐述。结果表明，不同的催化剂对反应产率产生极大影响，同时对环境等有不等影响，当今重在寻找使用高效、绿色的催化剂。然后，对环状碳酸酯在精细化学中的应用现状进行详细阐述。由于环状碳酸酯具有热稳定性、低毒性和易生物降解性。因此，它们的应用范围非常广泛，主要用作各种产品的溶剂，例如：锂离子电池、清洁剂和脱脂剂、工业润滑剂和燃料添加剂等。其中主要对环状碳酸酯在生物材料中的应用、环状碳酸酯制聚氨酯（PU）泡沫，以及环状碳酸酯制羟基聚氨酯进行详细阐述。最后，总结环状碳酸酯的现状，展望未来环状碳酸酯的发展方向。 |
| 关 键 词： | 环状碳酸酯; 催化剂; CO2 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.mater.2025.02.001 |
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收稿日期: 2025-01-04
接受日期: 2025-02-22
在线出版日期: 2025-05-30
Preparation of Cyclic Carbonates, Application of Catalysts and Their Use in Fine Chemicals
1. College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
2. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
3. School of Marine Biology and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| Abstract: | The purpose of this article is to review the preparation of cyclic carbonates, catalyst types and the application of cyclic carbonates in fine chemicals. It is intended to provide a reference for expanding the application of cyclic carbonates in related fields. Firstly, the preparation of cyclic carbonate is summarized, and the most efficient preparation method today - carbon dioxide and epoxide cyclic carbonate method is described, including alcohols, alkenes and ethers are described in detail, and the phosgene method is briefly outlined, etc. Secondly, the catalyst types of carbon dioxide and epoxide are listed, and the applications of cyclic carbonate in fine chemicals are summarized. Secondly, the types of catalysts used in the carbon dioxide and epoxide epoxy carbonate method are listed, and the types of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, ionic liquid catalysis, and low eutectic solvent catalysis are elaborated in detail, among which the titanium oxide catalysts, the carbon composite catalysts, the metal/covalent organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs) catalysts, and covalent organic frameworks with semiconducting properties are described in the photocatalysis, Photosensitive small molecule compound catalysts and many other types are elaborated. The results show that different catalysts have a great impact on the reaction yield and have different impacts on the environment, etc., and it is important to find efficient and green catalysts. Then, the current status of cyclic carbonates in fine chemistry is described in detail. Cyclic carbonates are thermally stable, low toxicity and easily biodegradable. Therefore, they have a wide range of applications and are mainly used as solvents for various products, such as lithium-ion batteries, detergents and degreasers, industrial lubricants and fuel additives. The application of cyclic carbonates in biomaterials, polyurethane (PU) foam made of cyclic carbonates, and hydroxy polyurethanes made of cyclic carbonates are mainly elaborated in detail. Finally, it summarizes the current status of cyclic carbonate and looks forward to the future development direction of cyclic carbonate. |
| Keywords: | Cyclic Carbonate; Catalyst; CO2 |
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