零维模型模拟氢气喷吹对高炉主要指标及二氧化碳减排的影响
液化空气（中国）研发有限公司工艺过程与工程, 上海 201108
| 摘 要： | 钢铁行业占人类二氧化碳总排放的约7%，面对巨大的减排压力，尤其是二氧化碳排放量较高的高炉工艺。高炉喷吹氢气是减排的重要技术措施之一。然后，有关高炉喷吹氢气的极限及氢气喷吹对高炉主要指标变化影响的研究仍然较少。为评估高炉喷吹氢气的极限及这些影响，本文详细介绍了应用Excel MMULT(MINVERSE (zone 1), (zone 2))函数建立高炉物料平衡和热平衡模型和应用Excel Solver Add-In中的广义缩减梯度(Generalized Reduced Gradient，GRG)非线性优化器进行高炉参数优化的方法，模拟了氢喷吹的可能极限，氢喷吹置换高炉焦炭/煤粉、对CO2减排、产量增加及对回旋区理论燃烧温度(RAFT)、炉顶温度和使用风温、富氧进行热补偿的影响；模拟了氢喷吹对高炉直接还原度（Dr）、CO和H2利用率（ηCO和ηH2）的影响；还进一步模拟了氢加热喷吹对焦比、CO2减排及使用风温、富氧热补偿的影响，全面而定量地评估了高炉喷氢的各种影响。模拟结果表明氢气在常温(298 K)下喷入，在全焦、1250°C风温、富氧和保持1800°C RAFT下，高炉最大CO2减排可以达到~30%;如果允许的RAFT为1900°C，最大氢喷吹量比1800°C时约减少1/3，最大CO2减排量将为~20%。吨铁喷入1 kg的氢气可以代替约2kg的碳，该数值会随着风温和富氧率的变化而变化，但不受混合矿成分的影响。 |
| 关 键 词： | 高炉喷氢; 模拟; 高炉CO2排放; 产量; 焦比; 煤比; 氢加热 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.mater.2022.01.004 |
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收稿日期: 2022-09-27
接受日期: 2022-10-21
在线出版日期: 2022-11-01
Simulation of the Effects of Hydrogen Injection on the Main Indicators of Blast Furnace and Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction by Zero-Dimensional Model
Air Liquide (China) R&D Co., Ltd. Process & Engineering, Shanghai 201108, China
| Abstract: | The steel industry accounts for about 7% of the total human carbon dioxide emissions, and faces enormous pressure to reduce emissions, especially the blast furnace (BF) process with high carbon dioxide emissions. BF hydrogen injection is one of the important technical measures for emission reduction. However, there are still few studies on the limit of hydrogen injection in BF and the influences of hydrogen injection on the changes of main indicators of BF. To evaluate the limits of BF hydrogen injection and these effects, this paper introduces in detail the application of Excel MMULT (MINVERSE (zone 1), (zone 2)) function to build BF mass and heat balance model and application of the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) nonlinear optimizer of Excel Solver Add-In for BF operation optimization. The paper simulates the effects of hydrogen injection on the replacement of BF coke and pulverized coal, the reduction of CO2 emission, the increase of production, and the changes of raceway adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT) and top gas temperature (TGT), the use of blast temperature (BT), and oxygen enrichment for thermal compensation. The possible limits of hydrogen injection are simulated. The influences on BF direct reduction degree (Dr), CO and H2 utilization rate (ηCO and ηH2) are also simulated. Further, the influences of hydrogen preheating injection on coke ratio, CO2 emission reduction and use of BT, oxygen-enrichment for thermal compensation are simulated. The paper comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated the various aspects of BF hydrogen injection. The simulation results show that when hydrogen is injected at room temperature (298 K), under condition of full coke, 1250°C BT, oxygen enrichment and maintaining 1800°C RAFT, the maximum CO2 emission reduction of the BF can reach ~30%. If the allowable RAFT is 1900°C, the maximum hydrogen injection volume is about 1/3 less than 1800°C, and the maximum CO2 emission reduction will be ~20%. 1 kg/thm of hydrogen injected can replace about 2 kg/thm of carbon; this value varies with BT and oxygen enrichment rate, but is not affected by the composition of the mixed ore. |
| Keywords: | BF Hydrogen Injection; Simulation; BF CO2 Emission; Output; Coke Ratio; Coal Ratio; Hydrogen Preheating |
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