氮素分配方式对冬小麦/夏玉米氮素利用相关生理参数和产量的影响
河北农业大学, 农学院, 河北保定 071001
| 摘 要： | 本研究针对河北平原区冬小麦/夏玉米周年两熟作物生产应答氮素供应特征有待深入阐明现状，探讨了氮素不同分配方式对上述作物氮素吸收及相关生理参数和产量性状的影响。结果表明，与对照（CK，底施和追施比例5:5）相比，处理1（T1，底施和追施比例6:4）小麦和玉米生育前期（拔节期）群体叶面积指数（LAI）和干质量增大，植株光合参数（Chl含量、Pn和gs）、含氮量和氮累积量、硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性提高；但该处理生育后期上述群体性状、植株光合参数、氮素吸收和累积、氮同化酶活性与对照相比变劣。与T1表现相反，处理2（T2，T1，底施和追施比例4:6）小麦和玉米生育前期上述性状劣于CK，而生育后期（开花至成熟）表现明显优于CK。依据成熟期产量，小麦和玉米在处理间排序均表现为T2>CK>T1。基因表达分析表明，参与开花期氮素吸收的小麦NRT基因TaNRT1.1和TaNRT2.1以及玉米NRT基因ZmNRT1.2和ZmNRT2.1与同期植株氮素累积量、参与硝酸盐还原的小麦NR基因TaNR3和玉米NR基因ZmNR3.1与同期NR活性、参与谷氨酰胺合成的GS基因TaGS2.2和玉米GS基因ZmGS2与同期GS活性呈紧密正向联系，表明上述基因表达水平对小麦和玉米植株氮素吸收和同化特征具有重要影响。结果表明，施氮减底增追（T2）氮素运筹方式通过提高特定氮素吸收和同化基因表达水平，改善植株生育中后期氮素利用及相关生理参数，增强冬小麦/夏玉米植株氮效率和产量形成能力。 |
| 关 键 词： | 冬小麦/夏玉米; 氮素分配; 氮素吸收同化; 生理参数; 产量 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.life.2023.01.001 |
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收稿日期: 2022-11-08
接受日期: 2022-12-29
在线出版日期: 2023-03-28
Effects of Nitrogen Allocation Mode on Physiological Parameters Related to Nitrogen Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize
College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| Abstract: | In this study, according to the issue that the nitrogen supply response characteristics of winter wheat/summer maize across whole year in Hebei plain is needed to be further clarified, the effects of different nitrogen distribution modes on nitrogen uptake, related physiological parameters and yield traits of these crops were investigated. The results showed that compared with control (CK, the ratio of basal application to topdressing 5:5), the population leaf area index (LAI) and dry mass of wheat and maize increased in treatment 1 (T1, the ratio of basal application to topdressing 6:4) at early growth stage (jointing stage). In addition, the photosynthetic parameters (Chl content, Pn and gs), nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS) activities were also increased. However, the above population traits, plant photosynthetic parameters, nitrogen uptake and accumulation, and nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities during the late growth stages of this treatment were worse than those of CK. In contrast to T1, the above traits of wheat and maize in treatment 2 (T2, the ratio of basal application and topdressing 4:6) were worse than CK at early growth stage, but significantly better than CK at the late growth stages (flowering to maturity). According to the yield behavior at maturity stage, the ranking of the treatments was shown to be T2>CK>T1. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of NRT genes TaNRT1.1 and TaNRT2.1 in wheat and NRT genes ZmNRT1.2 and ZmNRT2.1 in maize were involved in nitrogen uptake at flowering stage; those of wheat NR gene TaNR3 and maize NR gene ZmNR3.1 were tightly associated with nitrate reductase (NR) activities; the wheat GS gene TaGS2.2 and the maize GS gene ZmGS2 were related to the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS). These results indicated that the expression levels of these genes had crucial effects on the nitrogen uptake and assimilation characteristics of wheat and maize plants. Our investigation suggested that T2 treatment significantly enhanced the expression levels of specific genes associated with nitrogen uptake and assimilation. It improves the nitrogen utilization and related physiological parameters during the late growth stages by which to enhance the nitrogen efficiency and yield formation ability of the winter wheat/summer maize plants. |
| Keywords: | Winter Wheat / Summer Maize; Nitrogen Allocation Mode; Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation; Physiological Parameter; Yield |
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