太阳能货船的续航能力及其经济与环境效益
1. 济南大学, 水利与环境学院, 山东济南 250022
2. 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司, 山东济南 250013
3. 山东建筑大学, 交通工程学院, 山东济南 250101
| 摘 要： | 目前大多数货船仍采用化石燃料，引起噪音污染、环境污染和碳排放问题。以电能和太阳能驱动的货船逐渐出现，是解决污染和碳排放问题的途径之一。目前对太阳能货船的续航能力及其经济与环境效益的研究极少。本文以千吨级货船为例，研究其以纯太阳能驱动时，以现有技术可达到的最长续航能力。该研究一方面有助于评估采用纯太阳能驱动货船的可行性；另一方面，为下一步的技术突破指明方向。本文提出纯太阳能驱动的货船可航行时间的计算公式，并根据现有的太阳能平均资源和最新太阳能光电技术，计算了以纯太阳能驱动货船时的航行时间约4.57 h/天。由于纯太阳能无法保障24 h的续航能力，因此进一步提出了“太阳能供电+岸基充电桩”双能源保障系统是目前更为可行的货船动力方案。并且认为，普及纯太阳能货船需要的关键技术突破之一是太阳能光电转换效率的进一步提高。根据化石燃料的平均元素组成，以及化学反应方程式进行计算，发现采用该系统能为货船和航运业带来显著的经济和环境效益：平均每艘千吨货船可节约燃料成本2687万元/年；减少二氧化碳排放10200吨/年，二氧化硫排放63.75吨/年，二氧化氮排放95.62吨/年。与纯电动货船相比，使用太阳能供电后，可进一步节约电费13.98万元/年，减少排放二氧化碳为327吨/年，二氧化硫为20吨/年，二氧化氮为10吨/年。根据计算结果，发展太阳能货船有助于经济发展和环境保护，促进绿色水上交通的发展，值得大力推广。 |
| 关 键 词： | 绿色水上交通; 续航能力; 太阳能货船; 经济与环境效益 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.jest.2022.01.004 |
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收稿日期: 2022-10-26
接受日期: 2022-12-01
在线出版日期: 2023-01-05
The Endurance of Solar Cargo Ships and Its Economic and Environmental Benefits
1. School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
2. Shandong Institute of Environmental Protection Scientific Research and Design Company, Jinan 250013, China
3. School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| Abstract: | At present, most cargo ships still use fossil fuels, causing noise pollution, environmental pollution and carbon emission problems. The gradual emergence of cargo ships powered by electricity and solar energy is one of the ways to solve the problem of pollution and carbon emissions. Very little research has been done on the endurance of solar-powered cargo ships and their economic and environmental benefits. This paper takes a thousand-ton cargo ship as an example to study the longest endurance that can be achieved with existing technology when it is driven by pure solar energy. On the one hand, this study helps to evaluate the feasibility of using pure solar energy to drive cargo ships; on the other hand, it points out the direction for the technological breakthroughs needed in the next step. This paper proposes a calculation formula for the sailing time of a cargo ship driven by pure solar energy, and calculates the sailing time of a cargo ship driven by pure solar energy to be about 4.57 h/day based on the existing average solar energy resources and the latest solar photovoltaic technology. Since pure solar energy cannot guarantee the 24-hour battery life, the dual energy guarantee system of "solar power supply + shore-based charging pile" is further proposed, which is currently a more feasible power scheme for cargo ships. One of the key technological breakthroughs needed to popularize pure solar cargo ships is the further improvement of solar photoelectric conversion efficiency. According to the calculation based on the average element composition of fossil fuels and the chemical reaction equation, it is found that the adoption of this system can bring significant economic and environmental benefits to the cargo ship and shipping industry: an average of 1,000-ton cargo ship can save fuel costs of 26.87 million yuan per year; Reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10,200 tons/year, sulfur dioxide emissions by 63.75 tons/year, and nitrogen dioxide emissions by 95.62 tons/year. Compared with pure electric cargo ships, using solar power can further save electricity costs of 139,800 yuan/year, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 327 tons/year, sulfur dioxide by 20 tons/year, and nitrogen dioxide by 10 tons/year. According to the calculation results, the development of solar cargo ships is conducive to economic development and environmental protection, and promotes the development of green water transportation, which is worth promoting. |
| Keywords: | Green Water Transportation; Endurance; Solar Cargo Ship; Economic and Environmental Benefits |
基金
| 1. | 南浔协同创新中心重点研究项目 (SYS01001) |
| 2. | 山东省自然科学基金项目 (ZR2022QB021). |
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