桉树的医疗保健价值及其开发应用潜力
1. 中国林业科学研究院, 林业研究所, 北京 100091
2. 中国林业科学研究院, 桉树研究中心, 广东湛江 524022
3. 芬兰斯道拉恩索 (StoraEnso) 公司, 广西北海 536000
| 摘 要： | 本文综述桉树芳香油的医疗保健价值及其临床医学应用的历史沿革、研究进展和发展潜力。桉树是桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）杯果木属（Angophora）、伞房属（Corymbia）和桉属（Eucalyptus）树种的统称，共计1039个分类群，几乎全部自然分布于澳大利亚。桉树对于环境具有很强适应性，广泛引种栽培于世界许多国家和地区，生产各种工业用材，用于环境保护与景观建设，是全球人工林面积最大的树种，面积超过2,000万公顷，其中，中国桉树人工林500万公顷以上。然而，中国尚未建立任何以生产桉叶油为目的的特种工业林，尽管自1980年代以来，中国一直是桉叶油国际市场上的最大粗制油出口国。中国桉叶油几乎全部从村社栽植的蓝桉（E. globulus）和史密斯桉（E. smithii）采收的树叶蒸馏制取的。1990年代后期，国际科学基金会（IFS）支持的桉树芳香油树种选择项目在中国西南地区建立了田间试验林，包括辐射桉（E. radiata），贝克桉（E. bakeri）和多苞桉（E. polybractea）等其它几种桉树。桉叶油主要用于香水、化妆品、食品与饮料工业的生产原料，在医疗卫生方面，用于生物制药、各种芳香疗法和物理疗法。许多研究证实，桉树脑（1,8-cineole，eucalyptol）是大多数桉叶油中最重要的化学成分，具有抗菌消炎和保健作用，有益于人类健康和环境卫生。许多国家将桉树芳香油用作多种疾病的临床治疗药物，在澳大利亚和许多欧洲国家的应用历史已经很久。然而，桉树芳香油作为医药，在中国尚未见诸报道，因此，很有必要开展研究试验。积极倡导在中国桉树人工林丰富地区开展“森林浴”和森林康养，改善环境，增进健康，抵抗疾病，开拓探索桉叶油用于防治病毒引起的各种流行性疾病的可能性。 |
| 关 键 词： | 桉树芳香油; 生物制药; 医疗保健; 环境卫生; 蓝桉; 史密斯桉; 贝克桉 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.jaf.2023.02.001 |
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收稿日期: 2023-03-23
接受日期: 2023-04-15
在线出版日期: 2023-04-25
A Review of the Benefits of Eucalypt Essential Oils for the Human Health and Environment Improvement
1. Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2. China Eucalypt Research Centre, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
3. Stora Enso, Beihai 536000, China
| Abstract: | Eucalypt is the vernacular name used to refer to trees of the three genera, Angophora Cav., Corymbia K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson and Eucalyptus L’Herit. These closely related genera are within the Myrtaceae family and include around 1000 taxa in total, nearly all of which are indigenous to Australia. In China, over 5 million ha of industrial plantations have been established with selected eucalypt taxa. However, there are no plantations in this country managed specifically for the purpose of eucalypt leaf oil production. Even so, for many years China has been the world’s largest producer of crude eucalypt oil distilled from eucalypt leaves. These leaves are mainly collected from community plantings, mostly of E. globulus and E. smithii. A project was carried out on species selection for leaf oil production in late 1990’s in southwestern China, and included testing of the species E. radiata, E. bakeri, E. polybractea and others. Eucalypt oils are used as raw materials in perfumery, cosmetics, food and beverage industries as well as in various aromatherapy and physiotherapy treatments. The 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) compound is the principal and the most important constituent of the most eucalypt leaf oils, and this has demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Such uses of eucalypt essential oils for human health as well as for environment improvement have been well established by scientific research in many countries, with such oils having a long history of medicinal use in Australia and Europe. Even so, there is a need to investigate the prime effects of such essential oils and their possible efficacy in the treatment of a greater number of pathological conditions in China. It is also advocated that the country’s existing eucalypt plantations be more widely used as places for ‘forest bathing’ and such nature-based well-being practices; and that investigations be taken into the use of eucalypt leaf oils to improve hygiene and fight diseases, such as that caused by the virus. |
| Keywords: | Eucalypt Leaf Oils; 1,8-Cineole; Human Health; Environment; Eucalyptus globulus; E. smithii; E. bakeri |
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