几丁聚糖在绿色防治番茄病毒病中的药效分析
1. 成都特普生物科技股份有限公司, 生物农药研究中心, 四川成都 611731
2. 云南省农业农村厅, 植物保护站, 云南昆明 650034
3. 云南省农业农村厅, 植物推广站, 云南昆明 650051
4. 云南省农业科学院, 生物技术研究所, 云南昆明 650205
5. 成都中医药大学, 创新研究院, 四川成都 610075
| 摘 要： | 病毒病是危害番茄作物的首要病害，发病率一般在30.0%以上，严重时可高达90.0%。控制病毒病害是作物保护领域的一项巨大挑战。常用的技术手段主要有应用杀虫剂通过减少昆虫载体来防止病毒传播，以及采用作物育种技术和组织培养来产生抗病毒品种或无病毒幼苗。然而，由于病毒突变，这些方法在实践中通常并不奏效。据报道，几丁聚糖作为一种高效的植物抗性诱导激发子，能抑制病原菌侵染、诱导植保素生成和激发植物自身抗性，目前已被广泛用于病毒病的防治。本研究通过对田间病害指数调查、监测每次施药前病叶及新叶中病毒的形态及含量，明确了间隔7天，连续喷施3次0.5%几丁聚糖水剂对番茄病毒病具有显著防治效果。负染电镜观察法直观地展现了叶片中病毒的存在及变化；RT-PCR法解析了病毒种类为番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）、番茄褪绿病毒（ToCV），烟草花叶病毒；qRT-PCR法进一步明确了0.5%几丁聚糖水剂对番茄斑萎病和番茄褪绿病毒的抑制率分别为75.31%、67.18%。实验结果表明植物诱抗剂几丁聚糖（a.i. 0.5%）能够抑制作物细胞中的病毒复制，防止番茄植株病毒病的症状加剧。因此对于番茄病毒病管理的策略是建议定期应用诱抗剂几丁聚糖，以维持较低的病毒滴度，防止病毒病的发生和蔓延。 |
| 关 键 词： | 番茄病毒病; 植物诱抗剂; 几丁聚糖（a.i.0.5%）; 负染电子显微镜; 系统诱导抗性; 生物保护 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.jaf.2023.01.004 |
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收稿日期: 2023-01-30
接受日期: 2023-03-20
在线出版日期: 2023-03-28
Pharmacodynamic Acnalysis of Anti-chitosan in the Prevention and Treatment of Tomato Virus Diseases
1. Biopesticide Research Center, Chengdu Tepu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611731, China
2. Plant Protection Station, Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650034, China
3. Plant Extension Station, Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650051, China
4. Institute of Biotechnology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| Abstract: | Viral diseases are primary diseases of tomatoes with an occurrence rate generally reaching above 30% and up to 90% in severe cases. Control of viral diseases is an enormous challenge in crop protection. Application of insecticide for preventing virus transmission through reduction of insect vectors is considered an useful means. The crop breeding technology and tissue culture are also employed to generate viral resistant cultivar or virus-free seedlings. However, these methods are often less effective in practice because of viral mutations. It has been reported that chitosan, as an efficient plant resistance-inducing elicitor, can inhibit the infection of pathogenic bacteria, induce the production of phytochemicals and stimulate plant self-resistance, and has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. In this study, by investigating the field disease index and monitoring the form and content of the virus in the diseased leaves and new leaves before each application, it was clarified that continuous spraying of 0.5% chitosan water solution for 3 times at an interval of 7 days has a significant control effect of preventing tomato virus disease. Negative staining electron microscope observation method visually showed the existence and changes of virus in leaves; RT-PCR method analyzed the virus types as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV); The qRT-PCR method further clarified that the inhibition rates of 0.5% chitosan solution on tomato spotted wilt and tomato chlorosis virus were 75.31% and 67.18%, respectively. It is concluded from our tests that the plant defence elicitor chitosan (a.i. 0.5%) is able to inhibit virus replication in crop cells and prevent the aggravation of tomato plant virus disease symptoms. Therefore, the strategy for the management of tomato virus disease is to apply the inducer chitosan regularly to maintain a low virus titer and prevent the occurrence and spread of virus disease. |
| Keywords: | Viral Diseases; Plant Defence Elicitor; Chitosan (a.i.0.5%); Negative Staining Electron Microscopy; Induced Systemic Resistance; Biological Protection |
基金
| 1. | 成都市科技厅基金 (13ZHZD984NC-173, 2015-NY01-00080-NC) |
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