1. 陕西师范大学御锦城小学, 陕西西安 710038
2. 西安石油大学, 理学院, 陕西西安 710065
| 摘 要: | 在中学数学中,部分教学内容体现了一种“数图结合”的教学思想,尤其是在中学数学中的几何部分。因此,在实际课堂教学中,教师应结合数与图,用直观生动的图形引导学生学习和探索一些实际数学问题。图论是离散数学的一个分支,它以图为研究对象。图论中的图是由若干点及连接两点的边所构成的图形,这种图形通常用来描述某些事物之间的某种特定关系。在图中点代表事物,边用来表示所连接的点之间具有的特定关系。在历史上图论的产生解决了许多数学问题,尤其是一些看起来简单,但用传统数学方法难以解决的问题。图论的方法在中学数学中有非常广泛的应用,特别是在中学数学竞赛中。本文探讨了图论的基本思想方法在中学数学中的一些应用。首先通过生活中的两个具体问题引入图论,接下来探究了图论中的拉姆塞数问题、二部图及匹配问题在中学数学教学中的若干应用。 |
| 关 键 词: | 中学数学; 图论; 拉姆塞数; 二部图; 匹配 |
| DOI: | 10.57237/j.edu.2022.01.002 |
1. Shaanxi Normal University La Botanica Primary School, Xi'an 710038, China
2. School of Science, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| Abstract: | In middle school mathematics, some teaching contents embody a teaching idea of "combination of numbers and graphs", especially in the geometry part of middle school mathematics. Therefore, in the actual process of teaching, teachers should combine numbers and graphs to guide students to learn and explore some practical mathematical problems with intuitive and vivid graphics. Graph theory is a branch of discrete mathematics, which takes graph as its research object. A graph in graph theory is a graph composed of some vertices and edges connecting two vertices. This graph is usually used to describe a specific relationship between certain things. In a graph, a vertex represents a thing, and edges are used to represent specific relationships between connected two vertices. In the history of graph theory, the emergence of graph theory has solved many mathematical problems, especially some seemingly simple problems that are difficult to solve with traditional mathematical methods. The method of graph theory is widely used in middle school mathematics, especially in middle school mathematics competitions. This paper discusses some applications of graph theory in middle school mathematics. We first introduces graph theory through two specific problems in life, and then explores some applications of Ramsey number problem, bipartite graph and matching problem of graph theory in middle school mathematics teaching. |
| Keywords: | Middle School Mathematics; Graph Theory; Ramsey Number; Bipartite Graph; Matching |
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