基于化学教育视角的传统鎏金工艺反应机理及教学价值研究
1. 西安文理学院, 化学工程学院, 陕西西安 710065
2. 西安文理学院, 历史文化旅游学院, 陕西西安 710065
| 摘 要： | 传统鎏金工艺承载着深厚的古代技术智慧，其中包含大量可挖掘的化学知识体系，是开展传统文化融入化学教学的优质资源。现阶段学界针对鎏金工艺的研究多集中于文物形制考证与技艺流程梳理，对工艺背后的化学本质探讨较为零散，缺少热力学与动力学层面的系统性分析，同时相关教学转化研究不够成熟，难以直接服务于化学教学的跨学科教学实践。针对以上问题，本文以传统汞齐鎏金技艺为研究主体，系统开展工艺化学机理与教学应用价值研究，为化学情境化、跨学科教学拓展素材资源。研究综合运用文献整理、化学原理剖析与理论推演等方法，结合无机金属反应基本规律，对鎏金工序中的金汞合金生成、高温脱汞与金层固结等关键环节进行逐层拆解。通过热力学理论分析金汞结合反应的自发进行条件，依托动力学规律探讨温度、工艺时长等关键参数对反应进程与镀层成型质量的影响规律，进一步阐明传统匠人工艺调控方式的科学依据，解释鎏金镀层结构致密、稳定性强、耐腐蚀性能优良的内在化学机理。研究结果表明，鎏金工艺所涉及的金属物性、合金形成规律与反应条件控制等内容，均与化学核心教学内容高度契合，能够将抽象的化学理论依托传统工艺具象化呈现，有效降低学生的理解难度。本研究完善了传统鎏金工艺的化学理论阐释体系，构建了文物工艺与化学课堂融合的可行路径，为化学跨学科教学创新、传统文化科普落地提供有效的理论依据与实践参考。 |
| 关 键 词： | 鎏金工艺; 化学教育; 跨学科教学; 传统文化融合 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cse.2026.02.001 |
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收稿日期: 2026-04-21
接受日期: 2026-06-13
在线出版日期: 2026-07-07
The Investigation of Reaction Mechanism and Teaching Value of Traditional Gilding Technology from the Perspective of Chemistry Education
1. School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China
2. School of Historical Culture and Tourism, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China
| Abstract: | Traditional gilding craft embodies the ancient technical wisdom and contains abundant systematic chemical knowledge, which can be utilized as a high-quality teaching resource for integrating traditional culture into chemistry education. At present, most studies concerning gilding technology focus on cultural relic research and procedural sorting, while the exploration of its essential chemical principles is relatively scattered. Nevertheless, systematic thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of gilding reactions remain insufficient, and research regarding the educational adaptability of this traditional craft is still lacking. To address these shortcomings, this work investigates the conventional mercury amalgam gilding technique, systematically examining its underlying chemical mechanisms and educational applicability. Combined with literature investigation, chemical principle analysis and theoretical inference, this study explores the key operational steps of traditional gilding based on basic inorganic metal reaction rules, including gold-mercury amalgam formation, high-temperature mercury volatilization and final gold coating consolidation. The thermodynamic characteristics of spontaneous gold-mercury reaction are analyzed, and the effects of temperature and processing duration on reaction process and coating quality are discussed from the perspective of chemical kinetics. This work further validates the scientific basis of traditional operational controls and elucidates the inherent chemical factors responsible for the dense structure, favorable stability and superior corrosion resistance of gilded layers. The research results demonstrate that the core scientific connotations of gilding craft, including metal properties, alloy formation laws and reaction condition regulation, are highly compatible with mainstream chemistry teaching content. The integration of traditional craftsmanship and classroom teaching can visualize abstract chemical theories and effectively lower students’ learning barriers. This study optimizes the chemical theoretical interpretation system of traditional gilding technology and establishes a feasible implementation path for integrating cultural relic crafts into chemistry classrooms, providing solid theoretical support and practical references for the innovative development of interdisciplinary chemistry education and the inheritance of traditional technological culture. |
| Keywords: | Gilding Craftsmanship; Chemical Education; Interdisciplinary Teaching; Traditional Culture Integration |
基金
| 1. | 陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项一般项目 (2026YB0289) |
| 2. | 西安市教师教育改革与教师发展研究项目 (25JS06) |
| 3. | 陕西省“十四五”教育科学规划课题 (SGH22Y1392, SGH25Y1628) |
| 4. | 陕西省教育厅科研计划项目 (23JP146, 23JP147) |
| 5. | 西安市社科规划项目 (25JY135, 25JY144) |
| 6. | 西安文理学院三年行动计划项目 (21XJZZ0001-11) |
| 7. | 2022年“西安文理学院西安市社科院”战略合作项目 (22ZL10, 22ZL11) |
| 8. | 西安文理学院博士启动基金 (06005017) |
| 9. | 西安文理学院教育改革项目 (JY2025021) |
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