2020版《中国药典》的中药药性和功效应用分析
广州南方学院, 中医药健康学院, 广东广州 510970
| 摘 要： | 目的：掌握2020年版《中国药典》（一部）“药材和饮片”中616项中药的基本信息概况和发现特殊中药。方法：对各中药四性五味、归经毒性、功效主治、用法用量和使用注意等内容进行统计分析。结果：《中国药典》对中药四性有9种描述，而性温药的数量最多。对于五味，含苦味的中药最多。对于归经，含肝经的中药最多，而黄连（归6经）是归经数最多的中药。对于毒性，共83项中药有明确毒性描述，分“有大毒”“有毒”和“有小毒”3种等级。对于功效，“清热”作用出现频率最高，而红芪和黄芪（7组功效）是功效最多的中药。对于主治，用于“肿痛”的出现频率最高，而黄连是主治应用最广泛的中药。对于用量，平均值为6~13g，最小值为蟾酥的0.015g，最大值为猫爪草的120g。另外，还发现了个别中药在“中药”特性上的弱化现象及民族习用药在描述上的不足，而且毒性表述和外用用量方面的表述存在局限性，未能充分结合现代毒理学和临床数据。结论：揭示了《中国药典》中药在四性五味、归经毒性、功效主治、用法用量等方面的基本信息概况，展示了部分中药在描述上的特殊性，指出了个别品种“中药”特性不强、编写规范性仍需提高、外用用量不明确等问题。 |
| 关 键 词： | 中国药典; 性味归经; 功效应用; 用法用量 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cmrd.2024.03.001 |
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收稿日期: 2024-09-02
接受日期: 2024-09-24
在线出版日期: 2024-10-26
Analysis of the Medicinal Properties, Efficacy, and Application of Chinese Medicines in the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou 510970, China
| Abstract: | Objective: "Medicinal herbs and decoction pieces" in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part 1) includes a total of 616 items of traditional Chinese medicine. This study is aimed to grasp the overview of all traditional Chinese medicine and discover special ones. Methods: This study conducted statistical analysis of their basic information such as the properties, efficacy, application, dosage and usage. Results: The Chinese Pharmacopoeia has 9 descriptions of the four properties, with the highest number of warm medicines. For the five flavors, the number of bitter medicines is the highest. For meridian tropism, the liver-channel medicines are the majority. Huanglian with 6 meridians is the Chinese medicine with the most meridian tropism. For toxicity, a total of 83 traditional Chinese medicines has clear toxicity descriptions, divided into three levels: "with high toxicity", "toxic", and "with low toxicity". For efficacy, the "heat clearing" effect is the majority. Hongqi and Huangqi are the medicines with the most efficacy. For application, the frequency of "swelling and pain" is the highest. Huanglian is the medicine with the most applications. For the dosage, the average is 6-13g. The minimum value is 0.015g of Chansu and the maximum one is 120g of Maozhaocao. Moreover, the weakening of the "traditional Chinese medicine" characteristics in certain individual herbs and the inadequacy in the description of ethnopharmacological drugs were observed. Additionally, limitations were identified in the representation of toxicity and dosage for external use, which failed to adequately integrate modern toxicological and clinical data. Conclusion: This study reveals the basic information overview of traditional Chinese medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia regarding their four properties, five flavors, meridian tropism, toxicity, therapeutic indications, dosage, and administration methods. It showcases the uniqueness in the description of some traditional Chinese medicines and points out issues such as the insufficient "traditional Chinese medicine" characteristics in certain varieties, the need for improvement in compilation standardization, and the ambiguity in dosage for external use. |
| Keywords: | Chinese Pharmacopoeia; Properties and Tastes and Meridian Tropism; Efficacy and Application; Usage and Dosage |
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