瞬时受体电位离子通道在荨麻疹致病中的研究进展
文山州皮肤病防治所, 中医科, 云南文山 663000
| 摘 要： | 荨麻疹是皮肤科门诊中常见的过敏性疾病，发病率达5%左右，临床以突发性瘙痒为主要特征。前期研究发现，瞬时受体电位离子通道（Transient Receptor Potential, TRP）是机体对内外刺激只产生瞬时而非持续的峰电位而得名。它在荨麻疹发病中发挥关键作用。TRP是位于细胞膜上的一类重要的非选择性阳离子通道。该通道接受冷热、机械刺激、炎症介质、氧化应激、渗透压和PH值改变等影响，通过整合多种刺激并通过Ca2+进入（或）膜去极化将其活性转导至下游细胞信号通路，发挥多种病理生理功能。TRP通道主要由G蛋白偶联受体、配体、温度和渗透压等激活并参与了荨麻疹的发生发展。研究发现，TRPV、TRPA1、TRPC、TRPM参与了荨麻疹的病理过程和瘙痒信号的传导，临床工作中，通过调节TRP通道敏感性，常常能阻断荨麻疹“瘙痒—搔抓—皮疹的恶行循环”。本文旨在对TRP通道与荨麻疹的相关研究进展进行综述，并探讨以TRP通道为干预靶点的新型治疗策略，为荨麻疹的临床防治提供新的理论依据。 |
| 关 键 词： | 瞬时受体电位离子通道; 荨麻疹; 发病机制 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cmf.2026.02.002 |
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收稿日期: 2026-06-12
接受日期: 2026-06-25
在线出版日期: 2026-07-16
In the Research Progress Paper on the Role of Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channels in the Pathogenesis of Urticaria
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenshan Prefecture Skin Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Wenshan 663000, China
| Abstract: | Urticaria is a common allergic disease in dermatology outpatient clinics with an incidence rate of about 5%, clinically characterized mainly by sudden itching Previous studies have found that transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are named after the transient rather than sustained peak potentials generated by the body in response to internal and external stimuli. They play key role in the pathogenesis of urticaria. TRP is an important class of non-selective cation channels located on the cell membrane. These channels are affected by cold and heat, stimuli, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, osmotic pressure, and pH changes, and they exert various pathophysiological functions by integrating multiple stimuli and transducing their activity to downstream cell signaling pathways Ca2+ influx (or) membrane depolarization. TRP channels are mainly activated by G protein-coupled receptors, ligands, temperature, and osmotic pressure, and are involved in the and development of urticaria. Studies have found that TRPV, TRPA1, TRPC, and TRPM are involved in the pathological process of urticaria and the conduction of itching. In clinical practice, by regulating the sensitivity of TRP channels, the "itch-scratch-rash vicious cycle" of urticaria can often be blocked. This article aims to the research progress on the relationship between TRP channels and urticaria, and explore new therapeutic strategies targeting TRP channels, providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment oficaria. |
| Keywords: | Transient Receptor Potential; Urticaria; Pathogenesis |
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