2型糖尿病周围神经病变的治疗进展
1. 宁夏回族自治区中医医院 (宁夏回族自治区中医研究院), 内分泌糖尿病科, 宁夏回族自治区银川 750021
2. 宁夏宁夏医科大学, 检验学院, 宁夏回族自治区银川 750001
| 摘 要： | DPN，即糖尿病周围神经病变，是临床上2型糖尿病患者中较为普遍且重要的并发症之一。本文全面综述了 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）常见慢性并发症糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的治疗进展。DPN 发病率在全球呈上升趋势，严重影响患者生活质量。其发病与糖尿病病程、血糖控制、年龄、性别、生活习惯等因素相关，主要发病机制涉及代谢紊乱、血液循环障碍、神经营养缺乏、自身免疫反应和遗传因素等多个方面。临床筛查通过病史采集和五项感觉测试进行，诊断依赖临床表现、症状及多种定量标准，结合神经传导研究等辅助检查。治疗方面，旨在早期发现与干预以改善预后和生活质量，涵盖药物治疗（如降血糖、营养神经、抗氧化应激、改善微循环药物及其他药物）、非药物治疗（物理治疗、针灸、按摩、电刺激）以及生活方式干预（合理饮食、规律作息、适量运动）。随着科技进步，干细胞治疗、基因疗法等新型治疗方法展现出潜力。未来需临床医师和科研人员持续探索，为患者提供更有效的治疗方案。 |
| 关 键 词： | 糖尿病; 糖尿病周围神经病变; 2型糖尿病; 病因病机 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cmf.2025.04.001 |
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收稿日期: 2025-01-22
接受日期: 2025-02-25
在线出版日期: 2025-12-29
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
1. China Department of Diabetic Endocrinology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. China College of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| Abstract: | DPN, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy, is one of the more common and important complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advances in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is on the rise worldwide and has a serious impact on patients' quality of life. Its onset is related to the duration of diabetes, blood glucose control, age, gender, and lifestyle, and its main pathogenesis involves metabolic disorders, blood circulation disorders, neurotrophic deficiencies, autoimmune responses, and genetic factors. Clinical screening is performed through history taking and five sensory tests, and diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, symptoms and multiple quantitative criteria, combined with ancillary tests such as nerve conduction studies. Treatment is aimed at early detection and intervention to improve prognosis and quality of life, and covers pharmacological treatments (e.g., hypoglycaemic, neurotrophic, anti-oxidative stress, microcirculatory and other drugs), non-pharmacological treatments (physiotherapy, acupuncture, massage, electrical stimulation), and lifestyle interventions (sensible diet, regular rest, and moderate exercise). With the advancement of technology, new therapeutic methods such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy have shown potential. In the future, clinicians and researchers need to continue to explore and provide more effective treatment options for patients. |
| Keywords: | Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Etiopathogenesis |
基金
| 1. | 宁夏自然基金 (2025AAC030490) |
| 2. | 宁夏医科大学教改项目 (NYJY2025092) |
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