古知庄章精母在胶东半岛方言群的演变及分合情况非常复杂。文章选取8个代表方言点,共考察了12份语音材料,包括9份现代材料,以及3份清末西方文献中的注音材料:《官话类编》、A Comparative Study of Northern Chinese Dialects、《德华字典》,通过系统整合,对比分析,尝试对古知庄章精母(知甲、知乙、精洪、精细四组)在胶东半岛方言中的演变及分合轨迹进行了梳理,发现:1、古知庄章精四组的演变以及分合至迟清末既已开始。2、四组各自的演变具有不均衡性及地域性;在分合问题上,呈现出组内由合到分,组间由分到合的趋势,这种新趋势主要集中在北部地区。整体来看,材料登州2、青岛1代表了知庄章精母比较早期的情况,而登州1以及北部一线则表现了演化的新趋势。语音自身的演变规律、方言接触以及社会政治经济状况都是促成这些变化的因素。
The Development of the Supradentals and Dental Sibilants Before High Front Vowels in the Dialects of the Jiaodong Peninsula
Shan Xiu-bo*
College of Chinese and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050010, China
Abstract:
The development of the supradentals tʂ tʂ’ ʂ and the dental sibilants ts ts’ s before high front vowels and non-high front vowels is very complicated in the dialects of the Jiaodong Peninsula area. The present paper collects and compares nine modern reports of this region’s dialects and three late Qing historical documents. These sources provide an extensive sample of the phonetic values of these two sound groups from the late 19th century as well as a clear vision of their sound evolution and relationship to one another. The present paper will attempt to trace and date the process of sound evolution, explore and analyze the background causes for internal relationship (differences) among the Jiaodong Peninsular dialects.
Keywords:
Dialects of the Jiaodong Peninsula; Supradentals and Dental Sibilants Initials; Phonetic Evolution; Foreign Dialect Materials