山东大学, 文化传播学院, 山东威海 264209
| 摘 要: | 本文讨论了汉语三音节的产生动因及其生成机制,并在此基础上分析了三音节语音段落的韵律模式2+1式和1+2式的生成规律。汉语三音节的产生是语义表达需要和语言经济性原则共同作用的结果。由于汉语双音化,导致比词高一级单位的表达形式通常会超过两个音节,多音节的出现是因为语义表达的需要,三音节词的优越性在于,比双音节拥有更高的语义丰富度,比四音节更经济。汉语三音节的生成方式有两种:一种是直接生成三音节;一种是由四音节压缩生成三音节,压缩的原则为谁承载的信息量越大,语义越丰富,越不倾向于被压缩,谁承载的信息量越少,越容易被压缩。在三音节名名定中结构的生成过程中,由于中心语位置上的名词承载的信息量相对较少,所以优先被压缩,因此三音节名名定中结构的2+1式远远多于1+2式,而在三音节动宾结构的生成过程中,前面的双音节动词承载的信息量少于其后的双音节名词,所以优先压缩前面的双音节动词,因此三音节动宾结构中1+2式远远多于2+1式。 |
| 关 键 词: | 三音节; 韵律模式; 生成机制; 压缩 |
| DOI: | 10.57237/j.cll.2023.04.002 |
College of Culture and Communication, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the motives for the generation of Chinese trisyllables and their generative mechanisms, and analyzes the generative laws of trisyllabic rhyme scheme 2+1 forms and 1+2 forms on this basis. The emergence of Chinese trisyllables is the result of the joint action of the need for semantic expression and the principle of linguistic economy. Due to the bisyllabification of Chinese language, the expression form of the unit above the word usually exceed two syllables, and the superiority of three-syllable words lies in the fact that they have richer semantics than two-syllable words and are more economical than four-syllable words. There are two ways to generate three-syllable words: one is to generate three-syllable words directly; one is to generate three-syllable words by compressing four-syllable words, and the principle of compression is that the ones that carry more information are not easy to be compressed, and the ones that carry less information are easier to be compressed. In the generation of three-syllable modifier-head structures, the two-syllable nouns at the back are prioritized to be compressed, so there are far more 2+1 forms than 1+2 forms; while in the generation of three-syllable predicate-object structures, the two-syllable verbs at the front are prioritized to be compressed, so there are far more 1+2 forms than 2+1 forms. |
| Keywords: | Trisyllables; Metrical Patterns; Generative Mechanisms; Compression |
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