概数助词“来”的形式句法语义界面研究
广东外语外贸大学, 英语语言文化学院, 广东广州 510420
| 摘 要： | 作为人类自然语言的子系统，数词不仅是窥探一个民族思维和文化的重要窗口，同时，因其特殊的形态句法语义特征，更是备受语言学家们的关注。概数助词作为数词系统的有机组成部分，在汉语中使用频率高，用法纷繁复杂，与之相关的研究成果丰硕，但也争议不断。本文在形式语言学的理论框架下，主要探讨了现代汉语中概数助词“来”的句法分布和语义诠释。句法上，“来”作为黏着词素，不管其是黏附在数词后，还是黏附在数量词或量词后，都是作用于前面的整个短语，但语义上却只与其临近的位数词或者量词发生关联。语义上，本文确定了“来”前为数词的语义取值为λxλy[(x-10^y×20%)~(x+10^y×20%)]，不仅通过了各种数值的验证，并且给出了充分的解释，同时，以类推的方式证明了该语义模型也符合“来”后为数量词或量词的情况。本文通过对“来”的句法语义界面分析，可深化人们对整个数词系统的认识，从而促进人类自然语言本体的研究，同时对汉外教学和人工智能的发展也有一定的助推作用。 |
| 关 键 词： | 概数助词; “来”; 形式句法; 形式语义; 类比 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cll.2023.02.003 |
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收稿日期: 2022-09-28
接受日期: 2023-03-08
在线出版日期: 2023-05-25
A Study on the Formal Syntax-Semantics Interface of the Particle for Numerical Approximation Lai
Faculty of English Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Language Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
| Abstract: | As the subsystem of human natural language, numeral is not only an important window to pry into the mindset and culture of a nation, meanwhile, due to its specialty in morphological, syntax and semantics, it has always been drawing the high attention of linguists. As the organic part of numeral system, particles for numerical approximation are frequently used in Mandarin Chinese, and their usage is rather complicated. There have been fruitful achievements about the research on such linguistic phenomenon, but controversies have also never ceased. Under the theoretical framework of formal linguistics, this paper mainly explores the syntactic distribution and semantic interpretation of the particle for numeral approximation lai in modern Mandarin Chinese. It is demonstrated that syntactically, whether suffixed behind numerals, numeral-classifier, or just classifier, lai, as a bound morpheme, always functions upon the whole phrase ahead, but it just semantically associates with its immediately adjacent digit word or classifier. Semantically, this paper ascertains the value of lai as λxλy[(x-10^y×20%)~(x+10^y×20%)] when it follows a numeral, which is evidenced by various kinds of numerals and adequate explanation, and in the meantime, it verifies that the aforementioned semantic model is also in accordance with the case when lai suffixes a numeral-classifier or classifier by analogy. Through the syntactic-semantic interface analysis on the particle for numeral approximation lai, this research is likely to deepen people’s understanding about the whole numeral system, thereby facilitating the study on the ontology of human natural language, and at the meantime, it may play a positive role in the enhancement of Chinese-foreign language teaching and artificial intelligence. |
| Keywords: | Particle for Numerical Approximation; lai; Formal Syntax; Formal Semantics; Analogy |
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